ISO 14971:2019 Dynamic Safety Engine

Risk doesn't live in a spreadsheet.

When an engineering team manages product risk in isolated Excel rows, safety becomes a bureaucratic afterthought. In reality, risk is an interconnected web of physical hazards, software edge cases, manufacturing variances, and patient use conditions. PMX Risk Intelligence transforms static FMEAs into a continuous, closed-loop safety architecture that responds dynamically to every commit, test run, and field event.

Interactive 5x5 Risk Matrix Simulate AI Risk Review Subject Model: CardioSense Pro v3.8.2
Medical Device Risk Pathology

Why Static FMEA Spreadsheets Fail Patient Safety

Analyzing the fatal limitations of tabular risk management in complex electro-mechanical, software-driven medical devices.

Disconnected Mitigations

An FMEA spreadsheet cell states: "Mitigation: Implement dual-sensor hardware comparator." But is that comparator actually in the BOM? Is it routed on PCB Rev D? Is there an automated test verifying its trip point? In Excel, there is zero programmatic link between the stated risk control and the physical design.

Result: Ghost Mitigations on Paper Only

No Cascade Modeling

Real hazards are non-linear. A low-voltage brownout causes an ADC timing jitter, which causes an algorithm filter overflow, which delays an apnea alarm. Spreadsheets cannot model multi-layer causal chains or feedback loops. They force multi-dimensional physics into flat, artificial rows.

Result: Unforeseen Multi-Factor Failures

Zero Post-Market Closure

ISO 14971:2019 Clause 9 explicitly mandates continuous post-production monitoring. Yet when clinical complaints or MDR adverse events arrive, companies rarely reopen their Excel FMEAs to recalibrate estimated Occurrence scores, creating severe audit non-compliance.

Result: Audit Vulnerability under QMSR / MDR
Closed-Loop System Design

The Connected ISO 14971 Risk Architecture

Every risk element exists as an ontological vertex linked continuously to physical design controls and empirical evidence.

1. Hazard Thermal Dissipation Excessive surface thermal energy generated by continuous bio-amplifier operation.
ISO 14971 Annex C
↓ [causes]
2. Hazardous Situation High Ambient Wear Patient in 38.0°C ambient room while CardioSense Pro performs continuous 36h ECG sampling.
Operating Context
↓ [results in]
3. Harm (RSK-0044) Cutaneous Thermal Erythema Low-grade superficial epidermal burn on thoracic contact area. Initial: Critical / Remote.
Unacceptable Pre-Mitigation
↓ [controlled by]
4. Design Requirement REQ-0184: Surface Limit <41.0°C System specification enforcing temperature clamp and automatic firmware throttling at 40.8°C.
System Control
↓ [implemented in]
5. Hardware & Firmware Controls Thermistor S-18 + Firmware v3.8.0 NTC thermistor circuit with analog comparator shutdown loop directly isolating battery rails.
Inherent Safety by Design
↓ [verified by]
6. Verification Evidence (V-0183) 36h Thermal Stress Protocol Peak temp recorded: 40.2°C (<41.0°C pass). Residual Risk: Minor / Improbable — ALARP.
Passed & Mitigated
Interactive Visualizer

ISO 14971 5x5 Severity vs Occurrence Matrix

Click any cell to inspect active risks, residual mitigations, and ALARP acceptability determinations on CardioSense Pro v3.8.2.

Acceptable ALARP Review Unacceptable
Severity →
Occur ↓
Negligible (1)
Minor (2)
Serious (3)
Critical (4)
Catastrophic (5)
Frequent (5)
5 x 1
RSK-0012
5 x 2
5 x 3
5 x 4
5 x 5
Probable (4)
4 x 1
4 x 2
4 x 3
4 x 4
4 x 5
Occasional (3)
3 x 1
3 x 2
3 x 3
3 x 4
3 x 5
Remote (2)
2 x 1
2 x 2
2 x 3
2 x 4
RSK-0044 (Init)
2 x 5
Improbable (1)
1 x 1
1 x 2
RSK-0044 (Residual)
1 x 3
1 x 4
1 x 5
Selected Risk Record

RSK-0044: Cutaneous Thermal Erythema (Residual State)

Initial State: Severity 4 (Critical) × Occurrence 2 (Remote) → After implementation of REQ-0184 and dual-sensor comparator cutoff, Residual State: Severity 2 (Minor) × Occurrence 1 (Improbable). Risk Acceptability: ALARP Verified & Accepted by Lead Risk Officer.

Inspect in Workspace
Continuous Safety Co-Pilot

AI Risk Review & Human Approval Workflow

PMX AI monitors all engineering changes to flag unmitigated safety hazards before an ECO is routed for formal Part 11 sign-off.

AI

Automated Risk Review Assessment: Change CHG-1024

Triggered by proposed replacement of Thermistor S-18 with Digital Sensor S-22

Confidence: 96.2% ISO 14971:2019 Clause 7.4
Hazard Detection Alert: Elevated Thermal Burst Risk (RSK-0044 Extension)

"The proposed S-22 digital temperature sensor draws 4.2mA during its 16-bit calibration cycle, compared to 1.1mA for the S-18 thermistor. In single-fault scenarios with continuous bus lockup, thermal dissipation in the southeast corner of the chassis increases by +0.32W. Under 38.0°C ambient conditions, surface temperature may reach 41.4°C, breaching the REQ-0184 limit (<41.0°C)."

Recommended Mitigation: Insert automated watchdog timer firmware cutoff (FW-SEC-92) forcing S-22 deep-sleep mode after 50ms of bus inactivity.

Human-in-the-Loop Approval Workflow (21 CFR Part 11 Compliant)

1. Initiator
Dr. Marcus Lin (Hardware Lead)
✓ Digitally Signed (SHA-256)
2. Risk Authority
Dr. Elena Vance (Lead Risk Assessor)
• Awaiting Human Sign-Off
3. Regulatory Officer
Sophia Patel (VP Regulatory Affairs)
• Pending Upstream Approval
Audit Token: SIG-9014-PART11-VANCE • Identity Authenticated via MFA

Upgrade from Static Spreadsheets to Connected Risk

Empower your systems engineering and quality teams with continuous ISO 14971 risk traceability that proves patient safety on every release.